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NEW QUESTION # 47
Subject to testing is a software system (COTS) for Project Administration and Control (PACS). PACS is a multi-project system for controlling the project time, e.g., in terms of scheduling and tracking, and managing the productivity of projects, e.g., in terms of effort and deliverables.
During various interviews with stakeholders the following information was gathered:
* Using PACS is not business critical. There is no impact such as high financial losses or problems to the operational continuity of an organization. Its application is not critical since the software package does not support directly the operational, or the primary, business processes of an organization. It supports (project) management in the project planning and tracking process. Of course, it will be highly annoying for users if the system "goes down" from time to time. Although this does not have a high impact for the business process as a whole, the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) still needs to be at a good level to be successful in the market.
* Users of PACS typically have an academic educational level, but have no prior experience with this particular type of project management software. The system will be used by a large number of users within an organization.
* The system will be used on a regular basis, e.g., several times per day by project managers and several times per week by project employees. This means that the system will not be used very intensively, often only for some data input or an information request. Its usage is not considered to be very time-critical.
* The data is recorded on-line and real-time. The system is expected to run in multiple hardware environments in various network environments. It is also expected that changes in the operational environments will happen in the upcoming period that also need to be supported.
Based on the information provided by the stakeholder, which combination of non-functional quality characteristics should you propose to test as part of your test approach?
- A. Security and Reliability
- B. Performance efficiency and Portability
- C. Reliability and Portability
- D. Reliability and Performance efficiency
Answer: C
Explanation:
Given the stakeholder information provided:
Reliability is important because the system, while not business-critical, still needs a good MTBF to be successful in the market. This is directly mentioned in the stakeholder information.
Portability is essential as the system is expected to run in multiple hardware environments and various network environments, with changes anticipated in the operational environments.
Security is not highlighted as a concern, and performance efficiency, while generally important, is less critical as the system is not used intensively and is not time-critical. Therefore, reliability and portability are the most relevant non-functional quality characteristics to test in this scenario.
NEW QUESTION # 48
You are defining the test approach for an Agile project developing a system to control traffic lights at busy road junctions. The system will use sensors to measure traffic density and flow rates, optimizing traffic flow.
While safety-critical, a risk assessment has deemed the project's risk level as low due to the team's expertise.
Which option below represents the BEST test approach for this project?
Key to symbols:
* + (highly recommended)
* (recommended)
* o (neutral/optional)
* * (not recommended)
* - (not to be used)
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
In the scenario described, the project involves developing a system to control traffic lights at busy road junctions, focusing on safety-critical operations but deemed low-risk due to the team's high level of expertise.
Option B (4), characterized by (recommended) for Test Automation and + (highly recommended) for Exploratory Testing (manual) with (recommended) for Black-box Testing, is the most fitting for this project because:
* Test Automation (Recommended): For a system managing traffic lights, automated tests can efficiently handle repetitive testing of scenarios involving various traffic densities and flow rates, ensuring consistent and thorough checking of system responses under controlled conditions.
* Exploratory Testing (Highly Recommended): Given the critical nature of the system, exploratory testing allows testers to creatively challenge the system beyond pre-defined test cases, identifying potential real-world issues that might not be evident in scripted testing. This is particularly vital in safety-critical systems where unexpected behavior could have severe consequences.
* Black-box Testing (Recommended): Black-box testing will ensure that the system meets its external specifications and behaves correctly as perceived from the outside, without the testers needing to know the internal workings. This is essential for verifying that the system's functionality aligns with its intended use in real-world traffic scenarios.
This approach, combining thorough automation with exploratory insights and specification-based validation, supports the project's safety-critical nature while leveraging the team's expertise to manage the identified low risk .
NEW QUESTION # 49
Given the following code:
If x > y and z = 3 statement!
elseif z = 4 statement
endif;
What is the minimum number of tests needed to achieve 100% decision coverage?
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
To achieve 100% decision coverage, you must ensure every decision in the code has been evaluated both to true and false. Given the code:
If x > y and z = 3 statement1 elseif z = 4 statement2 endif;
Two tests are required:
* Test 1: Set x > y true and z = 3 to evaluate the first decision as true and execute statement1.
* Test 2: Set z = 4 (ensuring the first condition x > y and z = 3 evaluates to false) to evaluate the elseif condition as true and execute statement2.
This testing ensures that both branches of the decision have been evaluated.
NEW QUESTION # 50
You are asked to provide a practical and pragmatic testing solution for a commercial system where the main user interface is via the Internet. It is critical that the company's existing good name and market profile are not damaged in any way. Time to market is not a critical issue when appropriate testing solutions are identified to mitigate business risks.
A product risk assessment has revealed the following product risk:
* Abnormal application termination due to connection failure of the main interface.
Which of the following is the appropriate test type to address this risk?
- A. Reliability testing
- B. Performance efficiency testing
- C. Portability testing
- D. Operability testing
Answer: A
Explanation:
Reliability testing is the process of checking whether the software consistently performs according to its specifications. For a commercial system with a critical internet-based user interface, ensuring that the application can handle connection failures without abnormal terminations is essential. Reliability testing would include testing the system's ability to recover from failures and continue operating, which directly addresses the risk identified.
NEW QUESTION # 51
Consider the following section of code:
If ((A > B) or (C > D)) and (E = F) then
print A:
Endif
Which of the following sets of test data can be used to achieve Modified Condition/Decision Coverage with the least number of tests?
- A. Set 3
- B. Set 1
- C. Set 4
- D. Set 2
Answer: A
Explanation:
For Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MC/DC), each condition within a decision must independently affect the decision's outcome. The provided sets of values need to be analyzed to ensure that each component of the decision ((A > B) or (C > D) and (E = F)) can independently influence the result of the combined expression. Set 3 includes variations for all variables that allow each condition to be tested both true and false independently while keeping the overall expression's outcome affected. This choice provides the most efficient path to achieving MC/DC with minimal tests.
NEW QUESTION # 52
Consider the code fragment provided below:
How many test cases are needed for the code fragment lines 26 - 37 to achieve 100% modified condition/decision coverage?
- A. 6 test cases
- B. 4 test cases
- C. 8 test cases
- D. 2 test cases
Answer: B
Explanation:
Modified condition/decision coverage (MC/DC) requires each condition in a decision to be shown to independently affect the decision's outcome. For the code fragment provided, we have three independent conditions that need to be evaluated both as true and false. The minimum number of test cases needed to satisfy MC/DC for three conditions is four, which would allow each condition to be shown to independently affect the outcome of the decision.
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which requirements engineering technique would BEST identify how different groups of users may interact with a system, helping to identify gaps and inconsistencies in a user story-' SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Use Cases
- B. Storyboards
- C. Story Mapping
- D. Personas
Answer: D
Explanation:
Personas are the best requirements engineering technique for identifying how different groups of users may interact with a system. This technique involves creating detailed profiles for fictional users that represent different user segments. By exploring these personas, developers and testers can uncover unique needs, behaviors, and potential gaps in the system's design and functionality .
NEW QUESTION # 54
Consider the pseudo code provided below:
Which of the following options provides a set of test cases that achieves 100% decision coverage for this code fragment, with the minimum number of test cases?
Assume that in the options, each of the three numbers in parenthesis represent the inputs for a test case, where the first number represents variable "a", the second number represents variable "b", and the third number represents variable "c".
- A. (5. 3,2)
- B. (5. 4, 0); (3, 2, 5); (4, 5, 0)
- C. (5. 3, 2); (6, 4, 2); (5, 4, 0)
- D. (4,5. 0); {5, 4, 5)
Answer: C
Explanation:
To achieve 100% decision coverage with the minimum number of test cases, we need to ensure that every branch of the decision is taken at least once. For the code provided:
The first condition (a>b) is true for the first two test cases and false for the third.
The second condition (b>c) is true for the first test case, false for the second, and does not matter for the third since the first condition is false.
Therefore, with these three test cases, we cover all possible outcomes of the decision, ensuring 100% decision coverage.
NEW QUESTION # 55
Which of the following statements is true regarding fault seeding and fault injection tools?
- A. They are used by the developer as debugging tools
- B. They are used to deliberately Insert defects into the test object to evaluate the quality of the test suite
- C. They are used to determine the quality of operational acceptance tests
- D. They are used to determine If the code complies with the performance requirements
Answer: B
Explanation:
Fault seeding and fault injection tools are used intentionally to introduce defects into a system or software to test the robustness of the test suite. This method helps in validating the effectiveness of the test processes and configurations by ensuring that the tests are capable of detecting and isolating inserted faults. It is a technique used to measure the quality of testing rather than debugging or performance compliance, which relates directly to the fundamental purpose of enhancing test coverage and the detection capability of the test suite .
NEW QUESTION # 56
You are defining the test approach for an Agile project release focused on significantly overhauling the user interface of a golf club's booking system. Additional features will allow more flexible bookings across three courses. These changes are driven by numerous customer complaints about the current system's confusing design and limited options. The release will consist of six two-week sprints.
Stakeholders have performed a risk assessment and consider the impact of system failure as high due to potential customer loss. A regression-averse strategy is recommended due to the extensive changes expected in screen design and functionality.
Which option below represents the BEST test approach for this release? Please use the following symbols consistently:
* + (highly recommended)
* (recommended)
* o (neutral/optional)
* * (not recommended)
* - (not to be used)
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. 0
- B. 1
- C. 2
- D. 3
Answer: D
Explanation:
In addressing the scenario described in the question, the primary considerations for choosing a test approach include the focus on overhauling the user interface, adding new features, and addressing customer complaints in a high-risk environment due to potential customer loss. A regression-averse strategy is also highlighted as critical due to significant changes in design and functionality.
Option D (2) is marked with + for Exploratory Testing (manual) and for Black-box Testing, with Test Automation marked as not to be used (). This selection aligns best with the project's needs for several reasons:
* Exploratory Testing (Highly Recommended): This type of testing is crucial in Agile projects, especially when dealing with UI changes and new functionalities. Exploratory testing allows testers to interact with the system in ways that typical scripted testing may not cover, making it ideal for catching unforeseen issues in new interfaces and features.
* Black-box Testing (Recommended): This testing focuses on the functionality of the application without needing to understand the internal workings. Given the UI overhaul and feature additions, ensuring that the system behaves as expected from an end-user's perspective is necessary.
* Avoidance of Test Automation (Not to be Used): While automation is valuable, focusing primarily on manual testing techniques like exploratory testing is suggested for this specific release due to the extensive UI changes and the need for creative and intuitive testing approaches that adapt quickly to newly developed features.
By using Option D, the test approach supports the dynamic and user-focused nature of the release, addressing both the technical aspects of functionality and the user experience enhancements that are central to this overhaul .
NEW QUESTION # 57
You are asked to provide a practical and pragmatic testing solution for a commercial system where the main user interface is via the Internet. It is critical that the company's existing good name and market profile are not damaged in any way. Time to market is not a critical issue when appropriate testing solutions are identified to mitigate business risks.
A product risk assessment has revealed the following product risk:
* Abnormal application termination due to connection failure of the main interface.
Which of the following is the appropriate test type to address this risk?
- A. Reliability testing
- B. Performance efficiency testing
- C. Portability testing
- D. Operability testing
Answer: A
Explanation:
Reliability testing is the process of checking whether the software consistently performs according to its specifications. For a commercial system with a critical internet-based user interface, ensuring that the application can handle connection failures without abnormal terminations is essential. Reliability testing would include testing the system's ability to recover from failures and continue operating, which directly addresses the risk identified.
NEW QUESTION # 58
Consider the pseudo code provided below:
Given the following tests, what additional test(s) (if any) would be needed in order to achieve 100% statement coverage, with the minimum number of tests?
Test 1: A = 7, B = 7, Expected output: 7
Test 2: A = 7, B = 5, Expected output: 5
- A. A=6, B=12, Expected output: Bingo!
- B. A=6, B=12, Expected output: Bingo! and A=7, B=9, Expected output: 7
- C. A=7, B=9, Expected output: 7
- D. No additional test cases are needed to achieve 100% statement coverage.
Answer: D
Explanation:
100% statement coverage means that every line of code is executed at least once during testing. Based on the provided pseudo-code and the test cases given:
* Test 1 executes the MIN = B statement when A and B are equal.
* Test 2 executes the MIN = A statement and skips the inner IF since B is not equal to 2*A.
All statements within the code have been executed by these two tests, hence no additional test cases are needed to achieve 100% statement coverage.
NEW QUESTION # 59
Assume you are involved in testing a Health Insurance Calculation system.
At the main screen one can enter information for a new client. The information to be provided consists of last name, first name and date of birth. After confirmation of the information, the system checks the age of the potential new client and calculates a proposed premium.
The system also has the option to request information for an existing client, using the client's ID number.
A keyword-driven automation approach is being used to automate most of the regression testing.
Based on the information provided, which TWO of the options provided would be the MOST LIKELY keywords for this application? (Choose two.)
- A. Select_Client
- B. Enter_Client
- C. Remove_Client
- D. Exclude_Client
- E. Print_Premium
Answer: A,B
Explanation:
Considering the functionalities described for the Health Insurance Calculation system, the keywords would represent the main actions that can be performed in the system. 'Enter_Client' would be a keyword for entering new client information, which is a primary feature of the system as described. 'Select_Client' would be used to retrieve information for an existing client using the client's ID number, which is another main functionality.
Other options such as 'Remove_Client', 'Print_Premium', and 'Exclude_Client' are not explicitly mentioned in the provided system functionalities, therefore, 'Enter_Client' and 'Select_Client' are the most likely keywords for automation.
NEW QUESTION # 60
Consider the pseudo code for the Answer program:
Which of the following statements about the Answer program BEST describes the control flow anomalies to be found in the program?
- A. The Answer program contains an infinite loop.
- B. The Answer program contains unreachable code.
- C. The Answer program contains unreachable code and an infinite loop.
- D. The Answer program contains no control flow anomalies.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The provided pseudo code for the Answer program shows a WHILE loop that will always execute because the condition for the loop to terminate (a >= d) is never met within the loop's body. This results in an infinite loop. Additionally, since the value of 'b' is initialized with 'a + 10' and 'a' starts from a value that is read and then set to 2, 'b' will never be equal to 12. Therefore, the 'THEN' branch of the IF statement, which includes 'print(b)', is unreachable. These are control flow anomalies because they represent logic in the code that will not function as presumably intended.
NEW QUESTION # 61
Your Agile team is developing a web-based system that will allow users to browse and buy online from a store's shopping catalogue. Continuous Integration has been implemented and technically it is working well, running several times per day, but each run is taking almost as much time as the team is prepared to allow. It is clear that after a few more iterations, as the number of tests needed grows with the product, it will be taking too much time.
Which of the four options contains a pair of solutions that will BOTH help to solve this problem?
a.Only include unit and component integration tests in the automated Cl runs.
b.Schedule low priority tests to be the first ones executed in each run, in order to provide rapid build verification.
c.Reduce the extent to which the automated tests go through the user interface, using technical interfaces instead.
d.Reduce the number of Cl cycles run each day.
e.Select a subset of automated tests for the daytime Cl runs, and run as many of the other tests as possible in an overnight cycle.
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. a and c
- B. d and e
- C. b and d
- D. c and e
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct option for addressing the issue of increasing test run times in a Continuous Integration (CI) environment is option C: reducing the extent to which automated tests go through the user interface, and selecting a subset of automated tests for the daytime CI runs while running many of the other tests in an overnight cycle.
* Reducing User Interface Tests: By reducing the extent of tests that go through the user interface (UI) and using technical interfaces instead, you can significantly decrease the time each test takes. UI tests are generally slower due to rendering and user interaction simulations.
* Optimizing Test Scheduling: By selecting only a subset of tests for daytime CI runs and scheduling extensive testing for overnight runs, the team can manage the test load better without compromising the frequency of integration, thus ensuring continuous testing does not become a bottleneck.
This dual approach effectively manages both the execution time of individual tests and the overall test process across the development cycle, maintaining the agility of the CI process without sacrificing the breadth of testing necessary for quality assurance .
NEW QUESTION # 62
You are working on a new product that will provide an online pizza ordering service. Not everyone wants to create a frequent-eater pizza account, so the user can either log in to their existing account, create an account or proceed as a "guest" user. People with existing accounts have the option to update their accounts including changing address, changing credit card information and changing phone number. New account creation requires the user to enter their address, credit card information and phone number. This information Is validated to be sure the address matches the credit card information.
Once the user logs in, they are able to order their pizza. They can request up to five different pizzas and can select different ingredients on each. A user is allowed to pick up to 10 different ingredients per pizza. They can also select from a pre-defined set of ingredients as follows: "meat lovers", "all veggie', "cheese please', and
"throw it all on".
The busiest day of the year for this product will be the day of the final football game of the professional season. In addition to the normal high load, the company will also be running a special on the "cheese please" pizza (buy 3 get 2 more free). The new product will need to handle a load that Is expected to be twice as high as the load on the old product last year. Given this information, what is an important item that should be addressed In the architectural specification?
- A. Lazy instantiation
- B. Transaction concurrency
- C. Caching
- D. Data replication
Answer: B
Explanation:
Considering the high load expected on the busiest day, particularly with a promotional offer like "buy 3 get 2 more free" on a pizza, addressing transaction concurrency in the architectural specifications is crucial. This ensures the system can handle multiple and simultaneous user transactions efficiently without data loss or service degradation. Proper handling of transaction concurrency is essential to maintain system integrity and responsiveness during peak times, which is a critical requirement for the online pizza ordering system on such a high-traffic day.
NEW QUESTION # 63
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