BEST Verified IAPP CIPP-C Exam Questions (2025) [Q37-Q61]

BEST Verified IAPP CIPP-C Exam Questions (2025) 

The Best Practice Test Preparation for the CIPP-C Certification Exam

NEW QUESTION # 37
If an organization certified under Privacy Shield wants to transfer personal data to a third party acting as an agent, the organization must ensure the third party does all of the following EXCEPT?

• A. Provides the same level of privacy protection as the organization
• B. Notifies the organization if it can no longer meet its requirements for proper data handling
• C. Enters a contract with the organization that states the third party will process data according to the consent agreement
• D. Uses the transferred data for limited purposes

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 38
According to the Voluntary Code of Conduct on the Responsible Development and Management of Advanced Generative AI Systems, signatories commit to doing all of the following EXCEPT?

• A. Sharing information and best practices of Al governance.
• B. Contributing to the development and application of Al standards.
• C. Supporting public awareness and education on Al.
• D. Adopting low-risk uses of AI.

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 39
Which organization was the primary influence in the development of Canadian privacy with their publication of a set of eight privacy principles?

• A. The Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants
• B. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).
• C. The Canadian Standards Association (CSA).
• D. The Center for Democracy and Technology (CRT)

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 40
A law enforcement subpoenas the ACME telecommunications company for access to text message records of a person suspected of planning a terrorist attack. The company had previously encrypted its text message records so that only the suspect could access this data.
What law did ACME violate by designing the service to prevent access to the information by a law enforcement agency?

• A. SCA
• B. CALEA
• C. ECPA
• D. USA Freedom Act

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 41
What must happen before an individual requester can commence a court application relating to the denial of access to personal information under the control of a federal government institution?

• A. The Privacy Commissioner of Canada must have completed an investigation and issued a report.
• B. The Privacy Commissioner of Canada must have completed an investigation and found in favor of the requester.
• C. The requester must have made a formal Privacy Act request to a government institution for access to personal information.
• D. The requester must have lodged a complaint with the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) within
  60 days of having received a response to a formal Privacy Act request.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Before an individual requester can commence a court application relating to the denial of access to personal information under the control of a federal government institution, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada must have completed an investigation and issued a report. This procedural step is crucial because it ensures that the administrative avenues for resolving access disputes are exhausted before judicial intervention is sought. The Privacy Commissioner's report may provide findings and recommendations that could resolve the matter without the need for court proceedings, or it might clarify the issues and the reasons behind the denial, thereby informing any subsequent legal challenges.

NEW QUESTION # 42
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION:
Cheryl is the sole owner of Fitness Coach, Inc., a medium-sized company that helps individuals realize their physical fitness goals through classes, individual instruction, and access to an extensive indoor gym. She has owned the company for ten years and has always been concerned about protecting customer's privacy while maintaining the highest level of service. She is proud that she has built long-lasting customer relationships.
Although Cheryl and her staff have tried to make privacy protection a priority, the company has no formal privacy policy. So Cheryl hired Janice, a privacy professional, to help her develop one.
After an initial assessment, Janice created a first of a new policy. Cheryl read through the draft and was concerned about the many changes the policy would bring throughout the company. For example, the draft policy stipulates that a customer's personal information can only be held for one year after paying for a service such as a session with personal trainer. It also promises that customer information will not be shared with third parties without the written consent of the customer. The wording of these rules worry Cheryl since stored personal information often helps her company to serve her customers, even if there are long pauses between their visits. In addition, there are some third parties that provide crucial services, such as aerobics instructors who teach classes on a contract basis. Having access to customer files and understanding the fitness levels of their students helps instructors to organize their classes.
Janice understood Cheryl's concerns and was already formulating some ideas for revision. She tried to put Cheryl at ease by pointing out that customer data can still be kept, but that it should be classified according to levels of sensitivity. However, Cheryl was skeptical. It seemed that classifying data and treating each type differently would cause undue difficulties in the company's day-to-day operations. Cheryl wants one simple data storage and access system that any employee can access if needed.
Even though the privacy policy was only a draft, she was beginning to see that changes within her company were going to be necessary. She told Janice that she would be more comfortable with implementing the new policy gradually over a period of several months, one department at a time. She was also interested in a layered approach by creating documents listing applicable parts of the new policy for each department.
What is the best reason for Cheryl to follow Janice's suggestion about classifying customer data?

• A. It will help the company meet a federal mandate
• B. It will prevent the company from collecting too much personal information (PI)
• C. It will increase the security of customers' personal information (PI)
• D. It will help employees stay better organized

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 43
Which act violates the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA)?

• A. A university posts a public student directory that includes names, hometowns, e-mail addresses, and majors
• B. University police provide an arrest report to a student's hometown police, who suspect him of a similar crime
• C. A K-12 assessment vendor obtains a student's signed essay about her hometown from her school to use as an exemplar for public release
• D. A newspaper prints the names, grade levels, and hometowns of students who made the quarterly honor roll

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 44
Which was NOT one of the five priority areas listed by the Federal Trade Commission in its 2012 report, "Protecting Consumer Privacy in an Era of Rapid Change: Recommendations for Businesses and Policymakers"?

• A. International data transfers
• B. Do Not Track
• C. Promoting enforceable self-regulatory codes
• D. Large platform providers

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 45
What is required for a provincial law to be considered substantially similar to the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)?

• A. Consistency with the ten privacy principles, an independent oversight body and a redress mechanism.
• B. Consistency with the ten privacy principles, an independent oversight body and a process for accessing information.
• C. Consistency with at least eight of the ten privacy principles, an independent oversight body and a complaint handling mechanism.
• D. Consistency with the ten privacy principles, an appeal process and a redress mechanism.

Answer: A

Explanation:
For a provincial law to be considered substantially similar to the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), it must consist of consistency with the ten privacy principles, an independent oversight body, and a redress mechanism. This criterion is set by the federal government to ensure that provincial privacy laws provide a comparable level of protection as PIPEDA. If a provincial privacy law meets these standards, it is declared substantially similar, which allows it to supersede PIPEDA within that province for private sector data handling. This framework helps to maintain a uniform standard of privacy protection across Canada while allowing for regional adaptations.

NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following laws is NOT involved in the regulation of employee background checks?

• A. The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA).
• B. The U.S. Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA).
• C. The Civil Rights Act.
• D. The California Investigative Consumer Reporting Agencies Act (ICRAA).

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 47
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
The fitness company Vigotron has recently developed a new app called M-Health, which it wants to market on its website as a free download. Vigotron's marketing manager asks his assistant Emily to create a webpage that describes the app and specifies the terms of use. Emily, who is new at Vigotron, is excited about this task.
At her previous job she took a data protection class, and though the details are a little hazy, she recognizes that Vigotron is going to need to obtain user consent for use of the app in some cases. Emily sketches out the following draft, trying to cover as much as possible before sending it to Vigotron's legal department.
Registration Form
Vigotron's new M-Health app makes it easy for you to monitor a variety of health-related activities, including diet, exercise, and sleep patterns. M-Health relies on your smartphone settings (along with other third-party apps you may already have) to collect data about all of these important lifestyle elements, and provide the information necessary for you to enrich your quality of life. (Please click here to read a full description of the services that M-Health provides.) Vigotron values your privacy. The M-Heaith app allows you to decide which information is stored in it, and which apps can access your data. When your device is locked with a passcode, all of your health and fitness data is encrypted with your passcode. You can back up data stored in the Health app to Vigotron's cloud provider, Stratculous. (Read more about Stratculous here.) Vigotron will never trade, rent or sell personal information gathered from the M-Health app. Furthermore, we will not provide a customer's name, email address or any other information gathered from the app to any third- party without a customer's consent, unless ordered by a court, directed by a subpoena, or to enforce the manufacturer's legal rights or protect its business or property.
We are happy to offer the M-Health app free of charge. If you want to download and use it, we ask that you first complete this registration form. (Please note that use of the M-Health app is restricted to adults aged 16 or older, unless parental consent has been given to minors intending to use it.)
* First name:
* Surname:
* Year of birth:
* Email:
* Physical Address (optional*):
* Health status:
*If you are interested in receiving newsletters about our products and services that we think may be of interest to you, please include your physical address. If you decide later that you do not wish to receive these newsletters, you can unsubscribe by sending an email to [email protected] or send a letter with your request to the address listed at the bottom of this page.
Terms and Conditions
1.Jurisdiction. [...]
2.Applicable law. [...]
3.Limitation of liability. [...]
Consent
By completing this registration form, you attest that you are at least 16 years of age, and that you consent to the processing of your personal data by Vigotron for the purpose of using the M-Health app. Although you are entitled to opt out of any advertising or marketing, you agree that Vigotron may contact you or provide you with any required notices, agreements, or other information concerning the services by email or other electronic means. You also agree that the Company may send automated emails with alerts regarding any problems with the M-Health app that may affect your well being.
Emily sends the draft to Sam for review. Which of the following is Sam most likely to point out as the biggest problem with Emily's consent provision?

• A. Direct marketing requires explicit consent, whereas the registration form only provides for a right to object
• B. Processing health data requires explicit consent, but the form does not ask for explicit consent.
• C. The provision of the fitness app should be made conditional on the consent to the data processing for direct marketing.
• D. It is not legal to include fields requiring information regarding health status without consent.

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 48
What is the consequence if a processor makes an independent decision regarding the purposes and means of processing it carries out on behalf of a controller?

• A. The controller will be required to demonstrate that the unauthorized processing negatively affected one or more of the parties involved
• B. The controller will be liable to pay an administrative fine
• C. The processor will be considered to be a controller in respect of the processing concerned
• D. The processor will be liable to pay compensation to affected data subjects

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 49
What is the main reason some supporters of the European approach to privacy are skeptical about self-regulation of privacy practices?

• A. A large amount of money may have to be sent on improved technology and security
• B. Human rights maybe disregarded for the sake of privacy
• C. Industries may not be strict enough in the creation and enforcement of rules
• D. A new business owner may not understand the regulations

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 50
Which of the following specifically differentiates between regular personal information and employee-related or work-product information?

• A. The Quebec Act.
• B. The Privacy Act.
• C. British Columbia's Personal Information Protection Act
• D. Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA).

Answer: C

Explanation:
British Columbia's Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) specifically differentiates between regular personal information and employee-related or work-product information. BC's PIPA applies to all private sector organizations within the province and includes provisions that treat employee personal information somewhat differently than other types of personal information. This act allows for the collection, use, and disclosure of employee personal information without consent when it is reasonable for the purposes of establishing, managing, or terminating an employment relationship. This distinction is significant as it acknowledges the unique nature of employee information in the workplace context, differentiating it from other personal information that typically requires consent for similar activities under more general privacy laws.

NEW QUESTION # 51
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next question:
Zandelay Fashion ('Zandelay') is a successful international online clothing retailer that employs approximately 650 people at its headquarters based in Dublin, Ireland. Martin is their recently appointed data protection officer, who oversees the company's compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and other privacy legislation.
The company offers both male and female clothing lines across all age demographics, including children. In doing so, the company processes large amounts of information about such customers, including preferences and sensitive financial information such as credit card and bank account numbers.
In an aggressive bid to build revenue growth, Jerry, the CEO, tells Martin that the company is launching a new mobile app and loyalty scheme that puts significant emphasis on profiling the company's customers by analyzing their purchases. Martin tells the CEO that: (a) the potential risks of such activities means that Zandelay needs to carry out a data protection impact assessment to assess this new venture and its privacy implications; and (b) where the results of this assessment indicate a high risk in the absence of appropriate protection measures, Zandelay may have to undertake a prior consultation with the Irish Data Protection Commissioner before implementing the app and loyalty scheme.
Jerry tells Martin that he is not happy about the prospect of having to directly engage with a supervisory authority and having to disclose details of Zandelay's business plan and associated processing activities.
What would MOST effectively assist Zandelay in conducting their data protection impact assessment?

• A. Existing DPIA guides published by local supervisory authorities.
• B. Records of processing activities that data controllers are required to maintain.
• C. Data breach documentation that data controllers are required to maintain.
• D. Information about DPIAs found in Articles 38 through 40 of the GDPR.

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 52
Under state breach notification laws, which is NOT typically included in the definition of personal information?

• A. State identification number
• B. First and last name
• C. Medical Information
• D. Social Security number

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 53
How would an individual determine whether their personal information was used by the federal government for data matching?

• A. By submitting written requests to the third party conducting data matching for the government
• B. By reviewing the Privacy Commissioner's annual report.
• C. By noting the description of the Personal Information Banks available through Info Source.
• D. By proposing a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) within the specific government body.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Individuals can determine whether their personal information was used by the federal government for data matching by referring to descriptions of the Personal Information Banks (PIBs) available through Info Source.
Info Source is a series of publications and an online resource designed to assist individuals in understanding how the government manages personal information. It is managed by the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat and provides information about the existence, purpose, and use of personal information banks within government institutions. This resource is the most direct and reliable way for individuals to identify how their personal data is handled and if it has been used for data matching purposes.

NEW QUESTION # 54
A company in France suffers a robbery over the weekend owing to a faulty alarm system. When it is determined that the break-in involves the loss of a substantial amount of data, the company decides on a CCTV system to monitor for future incidents. Company technicians install cameras in the entrance of the building, hallways and offices. Footage is recorded continuously, and is monitored by the home office in the United States. What is the most realistic step the company could take to address their security concerns and comply with the personal data processing principles set out in Article 5 of the GDPR?

• A. Seek informed consent from company employees.
• B. Retain captured footage for no more than 30 days.
• C. Restrict camera placement to building entrances only.
• D. Have cameras recording during work hours only.

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 55
SCENARIO
Please use the following to answer the next QUESTION:
Larry has become increasingly dissatisfied with his telemarketing position at SunriseLynx, and particularly with his supervisor, Evan. Just last week, he overheard Evan mocking the state's Do Not Call list, as well as the people on it. "If they were really serious about not being bothered," Evan said, "They'd be on the national DNC list. That's the only one we're required to follow. At SunriseLynx, we call until they ask us not to." Bizarrely, Evan requires telemarketers to keep records of recipients who ask them to call "another time." This, to Larry, is a clear indication that they don't want to be called at all. Evan doesn't see it that way.
Larry believes that Evan's arrogance also affects the way he treats employees. The U.S. Constitution protects American workers, and Larry believes that the rights of those at SunriseLynx are violated regularly. At first Evan seemed friendly, even connecting with employees on social medi a. However, following Evan's political posts, it became clear to Larry that employees with similar affiliations were the only ones offered promotions.
Further, Larry occasionally has packages containing personal-use items mailed to work. Several times, these have come to him already opened, even though this name was clearly marked. Larry thinks the opening of personal mail is common at SunriseLynx, and that Fourth Amendment rights are being trampled under Evan's leadership.
Larry has also been dismayed to overhear discussions about his coworker, Sadie. Telemarketing calls are regularly recorded for quality assurance, and although Sadie is always professional during business, her personal conversations sometimes contain sexual comments. This too is something Larry has heard Evan laughing about. When he mentioned this to a coworker, his concern was met with a shrug. It was the coworker's belief that employees agreed to be monitored when they signed on. Although personal devices are left alone, phone calls, emails and browsing histories are all subject to surveillance. In fact, Larry knows of one case in which an employee was fired after an undercover investigation by an outside firm turned up evidence of misconduct. Although the employee may have stolen from the company, Evan could have simply contacted the authorities when he first suspected something amiss.
Larry wants to take action, but is uncertain how to proceed.
Based on the way he uses social media, Evan is susceptible to a lawsuit based on?

• A. Defamation
• B. Discrimination
• C. Intrusion upon seclusion
• D. Publicity given to private life

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 56
What is the primary motivation for a federal government entity to complete a Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)?

• A. Improving collection methods through its information technology systems.
• B. Receiving program approvals from the Treasury Board of Canada.
• C. Obtaining program expertise from the Privacy Commissioner of Canada.
• D. Introducing new legislation in the House of Commons

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 57
Which marketing-related activity is least likely to be covered by the provisions of Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations (Directive 2002/58/EC)?

• A. The use of cookies to collect data about an individual.
• B. A text message to individuals from a company offering concert tickets for sale.
• C. Advertisements passively displayed on a website.
• D. An email from a retail outlet promoting a sale to one of their previous customer.

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 58
Under Article 58 of the GDPR, which of the following describes a power of supervisory authorities in European Union (EU) member states?

• A. The ability to enact new laws by executive order.
• B. The authority to select penalties when a controller is found guilty in a court of law.
• C. The right to access data for investigative purposes.
• D. The discretion to carry out goals of elected officials within the member state.

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 59
What must happen before an individual requester can commence a court application relating to the denial of access to personal information under the control of a federal government institution?

• A. The Privacy Commissioner of Canada must have completed an investigation and issued a report.
• B. The Privacy Commissioner of Canada must have completed an investigation and found in favor of the requester.
• C. The requester must have made a formal Privacy Act request to a government institution for access to personal information.
• D. The requester must have lodged a complaint with the Office of the Privacy Commissioner (OPC) within
  60 days of having received a response to a formal Privacy Act request.

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 60
A well-known video production company, based in Spain but specializing in documentaries filmed worldwide, has just finished recording several hours of footage featuring senior citizens in the streets of Madrid. Under what condition would the company NOT be required to obtain the consent of everyone whose image they use for their documentary?

• A. If obtaining consent is deemed voluntary by local legislation.
• B. If the company's status as a documentary provider allows it to claim legitimate interest.
• C. If obtaining consent is deemed to involve disproportionate effort.
• D. If the company limits the footage to data subjects solely of legal age.

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 61
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The CIPP/C exam is an important certification for professionals who work with personal data in Canada. CIPP-C exam covers a variety of laws, including the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), the Canadian Anti-Spam Legislation (CASL), and provincial privacy laws. Certified Information Privacy Professional/ Canada (CIPP/C) certification is ideal for individuals who work with personal data in any capacity, including HR professionals, legal practitioners, and data protection officers.

 

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